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The Grand Canal of China 大運河 Dà Yùnhé), is the longest ancient canal in the world. It runs from Beijing and Tianjin through the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, ending at the city of Hangzhou. Some say it ran all the way to Ningbo. The oldest parts of the canal date back to the 5th century BC. During the Sui Dynasty 581-618 various sections were linked together by Emperor Yangdi in 604. Many workers, perhaps severl million, died from overwork and starvation, during its construction. The total length of the Grand Canal is roughly 1,770 km, far surpassing the next two grand canals of the world: the Suez and Panama Canals.

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